Subjunctive
recommend that he be · if I were · wish
Subjunctive, gerçek olmayan durumları, resmi öneri/gereklilik ifadelerini ve dilek-pişmanlık anlamlarını kurar. YÖKDİL Sağlık tarzında özellikle recommend that + yalın fiil, it is essential that, if I were, wish / if only ve as if yapıları önemlidir.
Subjunctive Mantığı
unreal, required, recommendedSubjunctive iki ana alanda çalışır: resmi öneri/gereklilik ve gerçek dışı dilek. Birinci grupta fiil yalın kalır: he be, she take, the patient remain. İkinci grupta zaman geriye kayarak gerçek dışılığı gösterir: I wish I knew, If I were.
Mandative
recommend, suggest, insist, require.
Adjective
essential, vital, necessary, important.
Were
If I were / as if he were.
Wish
Past form = unreal meaning.
Mandative Subjunctive
recommend / suggest / insist / demand / requirethat + özne + yalın fiil
bare verb| Fiil | Özgün tıp örneği | Doğal Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| recommend that | The cardiologist recommends that the patient reduce salt intake.🔊 | Kardiyolog hastanın tuz tüketimini azaltmasını öneriyor. |
| suggest that | The study suggests that screening begin at an earlier age.🔊 | Çalışma taramanın daha erken yaşta başlamasını öneriyor. |
| insist that | The surgeon insists that the wound be kept dry.🔊 | Cerrah yaranın kuru tutulmasında ısrar ediyor. |
| require that | The protocol requires that all samples be labelled immediately.🔊 | Protokol tüm numunelerin hemen etiketlenmesini gerektirir. |
| demand that | The committee demands that patient safety be prioritised.🔊 | Komite hasta güvenliğine öncelik verilmesini talep eder. |
It is essential that...
adjective + that + bare verbGereklilik bildiren sıfatlar
essential / vital / necessary| Sıfat | Özgün tıp örneği | Doğal Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| essential | It is essential that the patient remain still during the scan.🔊 | Tarama sırasında hastanın hareketsiz kalması şarttır. |
| vital | It is vital that the drug be stored at the correct temperature.🔊 | İlacın doğru sıcaklıkta saklanması hayati önem taşır. |
| necessary | It is necessary that the results be reviewed by a specialist.🔊 | Sonuçların bir uzman tarafından incelenmesi gereklidir. |
| important | It is important that every adverse reaction be reported.🔊 | Her yan etkinin bildirilmesi önemlidir. |
Were-Subjunctive
if I were, if she wereGerçek dışı şimdiki durum
formal unreal condition| Yapı | Özgün tıp örneği | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| if I were | If I were the physician, I would repeat the blood test.🔊 | Ben doktor olsaydım kan testini tekrar ederdim. |
| if she were | If she were allergic to penicillin, the doctor would choose another antibiotic.🔊 | Penisiline alerjisi olsaydı doktor başka bir antibiyotik seçerdi. |
| were it not for | Were it not for early diagnosis, the outcome would be worse.🔊 | Erken teşhis olmasaydı sonuç daha kötü olurdu. |
wish / if only
desire, regret, complaintZaman geriye kayar, anlam gerçek dışı olur
unreal meaning| Anlam | Özgün tıp örneği | Doğal Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| Şimdiye dilek | I wish the treatment were less painful.🔊 | Keşke tedavi daha az ağrılı olsa. |
| Geçmiş pişmanlık | She wishes she had seen a doctor earlier.🔊 | Keşke daha erken doktora gitseydi. |
| Güçlü dilek | If only the symptoms had been recognised sooner.🔊 | Keşke belirtiler daha erken fark edilmiş olsaydı. |
| Şikâyet / değişim isteği | I wish he would stop skipping his medication.🔊 | Keşke ilacını atlamayı bıraksa. |
as if / as though
appearance vs unrealitySanki / -mış gibi anlamı
exam contrast| Yapı | Özgün tıp örneği | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| as if + past | He looks as if he were exhausted.🔊 | Bitkinmiş gibi görünüyor. |
| as if + past perfect | She spoke as if she had known the diagnosis for weeks.🔊 | Tanıyı haftalardır biliyormuş gibi konuştu. |
| as if + real possibility | It sounds as if the infection is returning.🔊 | Enfeksiyon geri dönüyor gibi görünüyor. |
Sık Hatalar
what exam options often test| Yanlış | Doğru | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| The doctor recommends that she takes the medicine. | The doctor recommends that she take the medicine.🔊 | Subjunctive yapıda fiil yalın kalır; takes olmaz. |
| It is vital that the sample is stored correctly. | It is vital that the sample be stored correctly.🔊 | Subjunctive'de fiil yalın kalır; cümle edilgen olduğunda bu yalın hâl "be + V3" biçimini alır (be stored). "is stored" olmaz. |
| I wish I know the cause of the pain. | I wish I knew the cause of the pain.🔊 | Şimdiki gerçek dışı dilekte past simple kullanılır. |
| If I was the surgeon, I would wait. | If I were the surgeon, I would wait.🔊 | Resmi İngilizcede gerçek dışı durumda were tercih edilir. |
Özgün Mini Quiz
8 exam-style subjunctive questions1. The physician strongly recommends that the patient ---- alcohol completely during treatment and ---- plenty of rest for at least two weeks.
2. In order to preserve its potency, it is absolutely essential that the vaccine ---- at the correct temperature and ---- exposed to direct sunlight.
3. If I ---- the surgeon in charge of such a complicated case, I ---- the operation until further tests had been carried out.
4. She bitterly wishes she ---- the early warning symptoms and ---- a specialist months before the condition became untreatable.
5. Hospital regulations strictly require that every adverse drug reaction ---- to the safety committee and ---- in the patient's permanent record.
6. The patient looks as if he ---- in severe pain, and he talks as though the slightest movement ---- completely unbearable.
7. The ethics committee insisted that all patient data ---- strictly confidential and that no name ---- without the patient's written consent.
8. If only the tumour ---- at a routine check-up a year earlier, a far less aggressive course of treatment ---- sufficient.
Sınav Ayarı · Exam-Level
AUTHENTIC YÖKDİL-STYLE · LONGER & HARDER9. Given the severity of the infection, it is essential that the patient ---- isolated immediately and that all close contacts ---- traced without delay.
10. After reviewing the scans, the consultant recommended that the elderly patient ---- surgery rather than ---- on long-term medication.
11. Hospital regulations demand that every visitor ---- their hands before entering the ward and that no exception ---- made under any circumstances.