Reported Speech
said that · asked whether · told him to
Reported Speech, birinin söylediği şeyi doğrudan alıntı yapmadan aktarmaktır. YÖKDİL Sağlık tarzında en çok tense backshift, dolaylı soruda düz diziliş, if / whether, say / tell farkı ve commands / requests ölçülür.
Reported Speech Mantığı
same message, new speakerDolaylı anlatımda konuşanın cümlesini başka bir kişi aktarır. Bu yüzden zaman, zamir, yer-zaman ifadeleri ve soru dizilişi değişebilir. Ana fiil geçmişteyse tense çoğu zaman bir adım geriye kayar.
Statement
said/told/reported that...
Yes/No Question
asked if/whether...
WH Question
asked why/where/how...
Command
told/advised + object + to V.
Statements
say / tell / report + thatDüz cümle aktarımı
that-clause| Doğrudan | Dolaylı | Doğal Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| The doctor said, "The patient is stable." | The doctor said that the patient was stable.🔊 | Doktor hastanın stabil olduğunu söyledi. |
| She said, "I have taken the medicine." | She said that she had taken the medicine.🔊 | İlacı aldığını söyledi. |
| They reported, "The disease is spreading fast." | They reported that the disease was spreading fast.🔊 | Hastalığın hızla yayıldığını bildirdiler. |
| The nurse said, "I will check the wound." | The nurse said that she would check the wound.🔊 | Hemşire yarayı kontrol edeceğini söyledi. |
Tense Backshift
one step back after a past reporting verbZaman bir adım geriye kayar
past reporting verb| Direct tense | Reported tense | Özgün sağlık örneği |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | Past Simple | The researcher said that exercise reduced the risk of relapse.🔊 |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous | The patient said that she was feeling dizzy.🔊 |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect | The nurse said that the fever had dropped.🔊 |
| will | would | The surgeon said that the operation would take two hours.🔊 |
| can / may | could / might | The doctor said that the drug might cause drowsiness.🔊 |
Reported Questions
if/whether and wh-clausesSoru artık düz cümle dizilişine döner
statement order| Tür | Özgün tıp örneği | Doğal Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No question | He asked whether the surgery was necessary.🔊 | Ameliyatın gerekli olup olmadığını sordu. |
| if | The nurse asked if the patient had taken the medicine.🔊 | Hemşire hastanın ilacı alıp almadığını sordu. |
| WH question | She asked why the treatment had failed.🔊 | Tedavinin neden başarısız olduğunu sordu. |
| how | The patient asked how the medicine should be taken.🔊 | Hasta ilacın nasıl alınması gerektiğini sordu. |
| where | She asked where the X-ray room was.🔊 | Röntgen odasının nerede olduğunu sordu. |
Commands and Requests
tell / advise / ask + object + to verbEmir ve rica cümleleri to + verb olur
to-infinitive| Direct | Reported | Doğal Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| "Rest for two days." | The doctor advised him to rest for two days.🔊 | Doktor ona iki gün dinlenmesini tavsiye etti. |
| "Do not exceed the dose." | The pharmacist warned her not to exceed the dose.🔊 | Eczacı, onu dozu aşmaması konusunda uyardı. |
| "Please bring your records." | The clinic asked the patient to bring his records.🔊 | Klinik hastadan kayıtlarını getirmesini istedi. |
| "Keep the wound dry." | The nurse told her to keep the wound dry.🔊 | Hemşire ona yarayı kuru tutmasını söyledi. |
Akademik Reporting Verbs
state, suggest, claim, report, indicateBilimsel metinlerde “kim ne dedi?”
academic style| Fiil | Özgün tıp örneği | Ton |
|---|---|---|
| state that | The report stated that the sample had been contaminated.🔊 | Resmi olarak belirtmek. |
| suggest that | Several studies suggested that salt increased children's appetite.🔊 | Kesin değil, bulguya dayalı önermek. |
| indicate that | The findings indicated that early screening could reduce complications.🔊 | Bulguların işaret ettiği sonuç. |
| claim that | The researchers claimed that the therapy improved sleep quality.🔊 | İddia etmek; dikkatli ve mesafeli ton. |
Sık Hatalar
word order, say/tell, tense| Yanlış | Doğru | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| She asked where was the clinic. | She asked where the clinic was.🔊 | Dolaylı soruda düz diziliş gerekir. |
| The doctor told that the patient was stable. | The doctor said that the patient was stable.🔊 | tell nesne ister: told us that... veya said that... |
| He asked did the medicine work. | He asked whether the medicine worked.🔊 | Yes/No soru if/whether ile ve düz dizilişle aktarılır. |
| The nurse told him rest. | The nurse told him to rest.🔊 | Emir/rica aktarımında to + verb gerekir. |
Özgün Mini Quiz
8 exam-style reported speech questions1. During the morning round, the doctor told the worried family that the patient ---- stable but that his condition ---- closely over the next few days.
2. The nurse asked the new patient whether he ---- any medication that morning and ---- ever reacted badly to penicillin.
3. The anxious relatives wanted to know ---- the operation ---- so much longer than the surgeon had originally promised.
4. Before discharge, the pharmacist firmly warned the elderly man ---- the recommended dose and ---- the tablets with alcohol under any circumstances.
5. The surgeon explained that the operation ---- about two hours and that the patient ---- able to go home the following day.
6. Could you please tell me where the X-ray department ---- and whether it ---- open at this time of day?
7. On admission, the clinic asked every new patient ---- their previous medical records and ---- a recent list of all the drugs they were taking.
8. Several large studies suggested that early screening ---- the risk of complications and ---- thousands of lives every year.
Sınav Ayarı · Exam-Level
AUTHENTIC YÖKDİL-STYLE · LONGER & HARDER9. During the consultation, the physician asked the patient ---- he had been experiencing any chest pain ---- the previous few weeks.
10. The research team reported that their latest findings ---- the earlier assumption that the disease ---- only elderly patients.
11. Before discharge, the doctor strongly advised the patient ---- strenuous physical activity for at least six weeks.

