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Grammar · Konu 16

Reported Speech
said that · asked whether · told him to

Reported Speech, birinin söylediği şeyi doğrudan alıntı yapmadan aktarmaktır. YÖKDİL Sağlık tarzında en çok tense backshift, dolaylı soruda düz diziliş, if / whether, say / tell farkı ve commands / requests ölçülür.

1

Reported Speech Mantığı

same message, new speaker

Dolaylı anlatımda konuşanın cümlesini başka bir kişi aktarır. Bu yüzden zaman, zamir, yer-zaman ifadeleri ve soru dizilişi değişebilir. Ana fiil geçmişteyse tense çoğu zaman bir adım geriye kayar.

Statement

said/told/reported that...

Yes/No Question

asked if/whether...

WH Question

asked why/where/how...

Command

told/advised + object + to V.

Altın kural: Dolaylı sorularda soru dizilişi yoktur. Doğru: asked where the clinic was. Yanlış: asked where was the clinic.
2

Statements

say / tell / report + that

Düz cümle aktarımı

that-clause
DoğrudanDolaylıDoğal Türkçe
The doctor said, "The patient is stable."The doctor said that the patient was stable.🔊Doktor hastanın stabil olduğunu söyledi.
She said, "I have taken the medicine."She said that she had taken the medicine.🔊İlacı aldığını söyledi.
They reported, "The disease is spreading fast."They reported that the disease was spreading fast.🔊Hastalığın hızla yayıldığını bildirdiler.
The nurse said, "I will check the wound."The nurse said that she would check the wound.🔊Hemşire yarayı kontrol edeceğini söyledi.
3

Tense Backshift

one step back after a past reporting verb

Zaman bir adım geriye kayar

past reporting verb
Direct tenseReported tenseÖzgün sağlık örneği
Present SimplePast SimpleThe researcher said that exercise reduced the risk of relapse.🔊
Present ContinuousPast ContinuousThe patient said that she was feeling dizzy.🔊
Present PerfectPast PerfectThe nurse said that the fever had dropped.🔊
willwouldThe surgeon said that the operation would take two hours.🔊
can / maycould / mightThe doctor said that the drug might cause drowsiness.🔊
Not: Genel bilimsel gerçeklerde backshift zorunlu olmayabilir: The article stated that insulin controls blood sugar.
4

Reported Questions

if/whether and wh-clauses

Soru artık düz cümle dizilişine döner

statement order
TürÖzgün tıp örneğiDoğal Türkçe
Yes/No questionHe asked whether the surgery was necessary.🔊Ameliyatın gerekli olup olmadığını sordu.
ifThe nurse asked if the patient had taken the medicine.🔊Hemşire hastanın ilacı alıp almadığını sordu.
WH questionShe asked why the treatment had failed.🔊Tedavinin neden başarısız olduğunu sordu.
howThe patient asked how the medicine should be taken.🔊Hasta ilacın nasıl alınması gerektiğini sordu.
whereShe asked where the X-ray room was.🔊Röntgen odasının nerede olduğunu sordu.
5

Commands and Requests

tell / advise / ask + object + to verb

Emir ve rica cümleleri to + verb olur

to-infinitive
DirectReportedDoğal Türkçe
"Rest for two days."The doctor advised him to rest for two days.🔊Doktor ona iki gün dinlenmesini tavsiye etti.
"Do not exceed the dose."The pharmacist warned her not to exceed the dose.🔊Eczacı, onu dozu aşmaması konusunda uyardı.
"Please bring your records."The clinic asked the patient to bring his records.🔊Klinik hastadan kayıtlarını getirmesini istedi.
"Keep the wound dry."The nurse told her to keep the wound dry.🔊Hemşire ona yarayı kuru tutmasını söyledi.
6

Akademik Reporting Verbs

state, suggest, claim, report, indicate

Bilimsel metinlerde “kim ne dedi?”

academic style
FiilÖzgün tıp örneğiTon
state thatThe report stated that the sample had been contaminated.🔊Resmi olarak belirtmek.
suggest thatSeveral studies suggested that salt increased children's appetite.🔊Kesin değil, bulguya dayalı önermek.
indicate thatThe findings indicated that early screening could reduce complications.🔊Bulguların işaret ettiği sonuç.
claim thatThe researchers claimed that the therapy improved sleep quality.🔊İddia etmek; dikkatli ve mesafeli ton.
7

Sık Hatalar

word order, say/tell, tense
YanlışDoğruNeden?
She asked where was the clinic.She asked where the clinic was.🔊Dolaylı soruda düz diziliş gerekir.
The doctor told that the patient was stable.The doctor said that the patient was stable.🔊tell nesne ister: told us that... veya said that...
He asked did the medicine work.He asked whether the medicine worked.🔊Yes/No soru if/whether ile ve düz dizilişle aktarılır.
The nurse told him rest.The nurse told him to rest.🔊Emir/rica aktarımında to + verb gerekir.
8

Özgün Mini Quiz

8 exam-style reported speech questions

1. During the morning round, the doctor told the worried family that the patient ---- stable but that his condition ---- closely over the next few days.

2. The nurse asked the new patient whether he ---- any medication that morning and ---- ever reacted badly to penicillin.

3. The anxious relatives wanted to know ---- the operation ---- so much longer than the surgeon had originally promised.

4. Before discharge, the pharmacist firmly warned the elderly man ---- the recommended dose and ---- the tablets with alcohol under any circumstances.

5. The surgeon explained that the operation ---- about two hours and that the patient ---- able to go home the following day.

6. Could you please tell me where the X-ray department ---- and whether it ---- open at this time of day?

7. On admission, the clinic asked every new patient ---- their previous medical records and ---- a recent list of all the drugs they were taking.

8. Several large studies suggested that early screening ---- the risk of complications and ---- thousands of lives every year.

EX

Sınav Ayarı · Exam-Level

AUTHENTIC YÖKDİL-STYLE · LONGER & HARDER

9. During the consultation, the physician asked the patient ---- he had been experiencing any chest pain ---- the previous few weeks.

10. The research team reported that their latest findings ---- the earlier assumption that the disease ---- only elderly patients.

11. Before discharge, the doctor strongly advised the patient ---- strenuous physical activity for at least six weeks.