Cleft & Emphasis
It is … that · What … is · do emphasis
Vurgu yapıları, bir cümlenin belirli bir ögesini öne çıkarmak için kullanılır. YÖKDİL Sağlık'ta en sık çıkan biçimler; It-cleft (It is X that…), Wh-cleft (What we need is…) ve do/does/did ile fiil vurgusudur.
Vurgu Mantığı
focus & frontingNötr bir cümle (Smoking causes cancer.) bütün bilgiyi eşit verir. Vurgu yapısı ise bir ögeyi öne çıkarıp odak yapar: It is smoking that causes cancer. Böylece "asıl sebep sigaradır" mesajı güçlenir.
It-cleft
It is X that/who …
Wh-cleft
What … is …
Reversed
… is what …
do emphasis
It does help.
It-cleft
It is/was X that/who …Özneyi, nesneyi veya zamanı vurgulama
It + be + odak + that| Vurgulanan | Özgün tıp örneği | Doğal Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| Özne | It is smoking that causes most cases of lung cancer.🔊 | Akciğer kanseri vakalarının çoğuna sigara neden olur. (asıl sebep: sigara) |
| Kişi (who) | It was the nurse who first noticed the infection.🔊 | Enfeksiyonu ilk fark eden hemşireydi. |
| Zaman | It was in 1928 that penicillin was discovered.🔊 | Penisilin 1928'de keşfedildi. (vurgu: tarih) |
| Olumsuz | It is not the dose but the duration that matters most.🔊 | Asıl önemli olan, doz değil süredir. |
Wh-cleft (What-cleft)
What … is …"What" ile başlayıp odağı sona koyma
What + cümle + is + odak| Yapı | Özgün tıp örneği | Doğal Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| What … is | What the patient needs is complete bed rest.🔊 | Hastanın ihtiyacı olan şey tam yatak istirahatidir. |
| What … did was | What the new treatment did was reduce the recovery time.🔊 | Yeni tedavinin yaptığı şey iyileşme süresini kısaltmaktı. |
| All … is | All the doctor recommended was a change of diet.🔊 | Doktorun önerdiği tek şey beslenme değişikliğiydi. |
Reversed Wh-cleft
… is what/why/where …Odağı başa, "what" öbeğini sona alma
odak + is + what …| Yapı | Özgün tıp örneği | Doğal Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| … is what | Early diagnosis is what saves the most lives.🔊 | En çok hayat kurtaran şey erken teşhistir. |
| … is why | Resistance to antibiotics is why doctors prescribe them carefully.🔊 | Doktorların antibiyotikleri dikkatli yazmasının nedeni dirençtir. |
| … is where | The intensive care unit is where the most critical patients are treated.🔊 | En kritik hastaların tedavi edildiği yer yoğun bakım ünitesidir. |
do / does / did ile Vurgu
emphatic auxiliaryFiili güçlendirmek için yardımcı fiil
do/does/did + V1| Zaman | Özgün tıp örneği | Doğal Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| Present | Regular exercise does lower the risk of heart disease.🔊 | Düzenli egzersiz kalp hastalığı riskini gerçekten düşürür. |
| Past | The patient did follow the doctor's advice, but symptoms persisted.🔊 | Hasta doktorun tavsiyesine gerçekten uydu ama belirtiler sürdü. |
| Emir | Do take your medication exactly as prescribed.🔊 | İlacınızı mutlaka tam tarif edildiği gibi alın. |
The thing/reason … is
noun-phrase focusİsim öbeğiyle odak kurma
The reason … is that| Kalıp | Özgün tıp örneği | Doğal Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| The reason … is that | The reason the wound healed slowly is that the patient is diabetic.🔊 | Yaranın yavaş iyileşmesinin nedeni hastanın diyabetli olmasıdır. |
| The thing … is | The thing that worries doctors most is late diagnosis.🔊 | Doktorları en çok endişelendiren şey geç teşhistir. |
| The place … is | The place where infections spread fastest is a crowded ward.🔊 | Enfeksiyonların en hızlı yayıldığı yer kalabalık bir koğuştur. |
Sık Hatalar
cleft & do emphasis| Yanlış | Doğru | Neden? |
|---|---|---|
| It is smoking what causes cancer. | It is smoking that causes cancer.🔊 | It-cleft'te "that" kullanılır, "what" değil. |
| What the patient needs are rest. | What the patient needs is rest.🔊 | What-cleft tekildir → is. |
| Exercise does lowers the risk. | Exercise does lower the risk.🔊 | does + yalın fiil: lower. |
| What the treatment did was reduced the pain. | What the treatment did was reduce the pain.🔊 | "did was" sonrası yalın fiil: reduce. |
Özgün Mini Quiz
8 exam-style cleft/emphasis questions1. It is the speed of early diagnosis, rather than the particular drug chosen, ---- ultimately ---- the most lives in modern cancer care.
2. ---- the exhausted patient clearly needs most at this stage ---- complete bed rest and careful rehydration, not another round of tests.
3. Although a few researchers still express doubts, regular physical activity ---- significantly ---- the risk of type 2 diabetes, as decades of evidence confirm.
4. It was actually the alert night nurse, not the duty doctor, ---- first ---- the sudden drop in the patient's oxygen levels.
5. What the revised surgical protocol actually ---- was ---- the average recovery period by almost a third.
6. The real reason the infection spread so quickly through the ward ---- that it had been dangerously overcrowded for ---- weeks.
7. Early, well-targeted treatment is ---- ultimately ---- most of the long-term complications associated with the disease.
8. ---- follow the dosage instructions exactly as written, and ---- hesitate to call the clinic if any unusual symptom appears.
Sınav Ayarı · Exam-Level
authentic YÖKDİL-style · longer & harder1. ---- the gradual accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain ---- is now believed to trigger the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease, long before any symptoms become apparent.
2. What the introduction of antiseptic technique in the nineteenth century ---- was ---- the mortality rate of surgical patients quite dramatically.
3. Although some critics still question its benefits, regular physical activity ---- reduce cardiovascular risk, and early intervention is ---- ultimately prevents most long-term complications.